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Printer’s Devil – it’s in the detail

Print must prove its ROI

Encouraging news from the PrintCity alliance, which reports a favourable response from delegates at the recent FIPP World Magazine Conference. Said delegates were asked their opinion about the luxe programme for the event, which included a veritable cornucopia of print delights as detailed in this PrintWeek article.

Although much of the debate at FIPP inevitably centred on "how can we make money online/stop Google making money off our backs", the event did include regular mentions of what a great strength the tactile nature of the physical printed product is. Hoorah.

The subsequent delegate research by the PPA found that almost 70% of respondents would be investigating so-called value-added printing techniques such as those used in the programme. And there was equally strong interest in linking printed magazines with digital media, for example through the use of UpCodes. So hoorah for that too.

The word of caution comes via a question I posed to Simon Clift, chief marketing officer at Unilever, during the event. He was part of a panel discussing "what advertisers want", and as Unilever controls the second-biggest advertising spend in the world at some €3.5bn the room was, naturally, hanging on his every word. I was interested in whether Clift planned to use more or less of printed magazines' strengths, such as attaching sample sachets or adding scent strips. He responded by saying that by far the most effective form of advertising is to get product into people's hands, and magazines are unmatched in that respect. The slight wrinkle being that other mechanics are sometimes cheaper (Unilever does a lot of creative DM too). "It's only expense that puts us off", was his verdict.

A glance at the marketing media reveals how return on investment is the dominant topic of the day. Sir Martin Sorrell said as much when he spoke at Stationers' Hall earlier this year. Being able to justify and measure marketing activities is absolutely crucial.

So we in the print game need to be able to prove it as well as print it. We should be rightly proud of print's many wonderful attributes, but we need to be able to back this up with some hard facts about ROI too. Then perhaps "expensive" can be replaced by "effective".

 

Comments

 

COLIN THOMPSON said:

ROI - companies that understand ROI will always be successful. We need to stop lending money to continuous loss making businesses that drives down net profit and lowers ROI.

The Bigger Picture – A Business Case at A Glance

You are pinched for time and you are supposed to build a ROI Business Model?

Cutting down preparation time for your Business Case is achieved by several means. First of all, you must have a clear idea about what needs to be done. That way you can manage your time well and use even smaller timeslots. In order to get the bigger picture you get an entire Business Case at a glance today.

In order to use the content of the following efficiently, save the information.

A ROI Business Case consists of three parts:

1. An Influence Matrix

2. A Financial Model

3. A Sensitivity Analysis

These three steps are consecutive and you can do one at a time.

Starting out with an Influence Matrix helps you to visualise the decision problem. Normally you deal with complex decision problems. If they would be simple you would not spend so much time on calculating their ROI. The Influence Matrix decomposes complex problems into quantifiable elements. The Influence Matrix thereby also helps to define them. As the decomposition only works, if the relationship of the singular elements is not forgotten, the Influence Matrix connects them via arrows.

The financial model quantifies the elements of the Influence Matrix. The Influence Matrix is the basis for the structure of the financial model and ensures that everything is included into the financial model. The dependencies, visualised in the Influence Matrix, are now converted into formulas. You most probably have a lot more data than you think in order to fill the financial model. By interviewing subject matter experts you gather the rest of all data you need for completing the financial model. The subject matter experts are asked to make estimates for the years to come. As an exact number would certainly be wrong, they are asked to estimate a range within which the possible number is to be expected with a 90% certainty.

The sensitivity analysis provides certainty and identifies risk factors. As the data you are working with are not exact numbers but ranges, a sensitivity analysis is the tool you need to provide certainty of your results. A simple Excel-Add-On makes a Monte Carlo Simulation a simple and therefore timesaving task. But the sensitivity analysis achieves more than showing the probability of your results. By using a tornado diagram also the most crucial risk factors can be identified.

Taking one step at a time the Business Case is not an overwhelming time consumer any more. Furthermore, it is ensured that the entire decision problem is captured the right way so that you do not need to review your Business Case over and over again. This way your Business Case will be perfect and unappeasable right away.

We guarantee you to save 50% of your former preparation time with our method.

Getting Started with the Business Case – The Influence Matrix

The projects for which you are supposed to build a Business Case are complex. If they would be simple you would not spend so much time on their Business Case. Business. How to save time with the so called Influence Matrix in order to visualise complex decision problems is what you will learn today.

The Influence Matrix helps you to decompose a complex problem by defining and relating quantifiable elements. This tool helps you and your project group to agree on the definition of the decision problem by clearly visualising it for everyone. You will have experienced this as a challenging task. Probably it is the hardest part because one cannot just start calculating. And is the Business Case not about calculating the ROI? Why do I have to take the hassle of the Influence Matrix?  

If the definition of your decision issue is incorrect or incomplete, the best data and the most elaborate statistical methods cannot help you to achieve a high quality Business Case.

A typical Influence Matrix that helps you with defining your decision issue looks like this:

This Influence Matrix shows a very simple project in order to explain the Influence Matrix’s general structure that is the same for every project. The decomposition of the decision problem is achieved by dividing it into 4 main categories: Value(s), Scenarios, Decisions and Uncertainties. The value is the reason for your Business Case, it is the value you want to maximise or minimise. Financial values are i.e. ROI and cash flow, non-financial values are quality, image or innovation. In this Influence Matrix the value is profit. Values are always visualized by hexagons.

Scenarios are investments, projects or actions which include a bundle of decisions. The base level is the Current Course & Speed Scenario (What happens, if nothing is done?). It is compared to at least one additional scenario. Here it is the scenario caused by a new product.

Decisions are everything you can control. A decision is i.e. increasing the production volume. Uncertainties on the other hand are everything you cannot control. Uncertainties influence the value you want to calculate and their interrelation is captured by setting arrows depicting the dependencies. Price and sold units influence the revenue whereas variable and fixed costs influence total costs. Increasing the production volume has an influence on variable cost and sold units, but leaves the price and fixed cost unaffected. The six uncertainties within the project all influence the profit which is the value to be quantified.

By using these four categories you can visualise your entire project with all its complexity on one PowerPoint slide. That seems impossible? It is not. Also, the bigger a project the more necessary is the adequate reduction of complexity.

“This is supposed to save me time? You must be kidding!”, you might think. We are absolutely serious. Quantifying Soft Benefits - The Financial Model.

“How can a financial model save time? This is certainly not my experience!”, you might say.

You save time by doing it the right way right away!

You save time by avoiding mistakes. You avoid mistakes by doing things correctly right away. You do things correctly by knowing what needs to be done when. This is the unbeatable advantage of a clear and understandable step-by-step method.

The financial model is a good one when it is well structured, all its formulas are correct and it is filled with high quality data. How do you get there?

First of all, you start with structuring your financial model. Now it becomes obvious that the Influence Matrix saves you a lot of time because it contains the structure already. In order not to make things complicated again (you just decomposed a complex problem!) you keep the financial model simple. An elaborate financial model might look fancy at first, in reality it is only prone to mistakes, a lot of reviewing and does not convince decision-makers. Your Business Case is successful, if it is convincing. You can only convince, if a matter is clearly understood.

Simple wins and saves time!

Second, dependencies need to be converted into formulas. Again it becomes obvious that the Influence Matrix is the basis for your financial model. The dependencies are depicted by the arrows in the Influence Matrix. For the formulas the same is true as for the structure of the financial model: Keep the formulas simple! Basic arithmetic operations are not only sufficient, but the best way to go! Complicated formulas cause only more mistakes and too much reviewing time.

The dependencies of the uncertainties in the Influence Matrix determine the value you want to calculate in your ROI Business Case. If you are not interested in financial values but “soft benefits” like quality or customer satisfaction, the procedure is just the same. The preliminary work has already been done in the Influence Matrix. Quantifying “intangibles” in your financial models is no further work load. It is a reliable quantification into dollars and cents instead.

Third, you need to collect all relevant data for the financial model. You might have already a lot more data than you think. The rest is collected by interviewing subject matter experts. The clue is that they are not supposed to give you exact data, but estimate ranges instead. Business Cases are about forecasting the future. Have you met anyone who can? It is highly unlikely that an exact number, i.e. for a currency conversion in 2010, will be correct. It is rather likely that a number within a certain range of a minimum, maximum and most likely value will be correct. In other words: approximately right beats precisely wrong. In order to have data of a good quality, the assumptions of the subject matter experts are calibrated. Their estimates of a certain range are made within a confidence interval of 90%.

At last, you can complete the financial model with filling in all your data.  By having interviewed high level subject matter experts you possess best quality data. The structure and formulas of the financial model is the necessary condition, high quality data the sufficient one for a successful financial model. Either one is important. Best data cannot save a bad financial model and bad data makes the best structured financial model useless.

Having a clear idea about what needs to be done prevents the usual time consuming mistakes to creep in!

No Risk, No Fun or Success by Minimizing Risk? - The Sensitivity Analysis

Risk might be fun in bungee jumping and white-water rafting, but it is not in business decisions worth millions.

Decision-makers are asking for a ROI Business Case in order to get answers to their questions. What is the projected cash flow of my project or investment? When will I reach the break-even? What risks do I face? The bigger the project the more the question on certainty of the results and risks of the project will be put. Is this wishful thinking of decision makers? No, it can be done. And it is easier than you might think.

A Business Case can give these answers only with help of a sensitivity analysis. Decision-makers do not believe in forecasts just because they are joined by a pound (£) sign. A sensitivity analysis consists of a Monte Carlo Simulation and a Tornado Diagram. The Monte Carlo Simulation provides certainty as it defines the probability of the outcomes. The Tornado Diagram determines risk factors and analyses them.

How can crazy statistics possibly save me time?, you might ask. The bad news first: there is no way around it. The good news: with the right software it is not difficult at all. A Sensitivity Analysis is easy to perform for everyone using Microsoft Excel©. In the financial model you had worked with estimated intervals. You need the Monte Carlo Simulation in order to tell you about the most probable outcome (which will be an exact figure and not a range). Again, this exact outcome will only be reached with a certain probability and is rather to be read as point of orientation.

Not being able to deliver the numbers the decision-makers requested is quite a backlash. If you cannot answer how certain your calculated results are, you also might have not started at all. That would have saved you a lot of time, too. A sensitivity analysis provides you with all answers to the questions decision-makers might possibly ask and therefore saves time within the decision process. The sensitivity analysis provides decision-makers with the certainty they need for the decision. If they trust your entire financial model and know that scenario A and B have value x and y which will be reached with probability z they have the basis they need.

Identifying and analysing risk factors is the only thing left to be done. As solutions or projects are most of the time long term commitments knowing more about the risk factors becomes crucial. The more I know about them, the more effort I can put into minimising them. But what is the most important one? Is it the one I think? The Tornado Diagram identifies the crucial risk factors and analyses them. By looking at the various uncertainties one by one the tornado diagram is able to point out the most crucial ones. It also shows the impact of each risk factor on the result in pounds (£). You will be surprised, often the one you thought the most important can be entirely neglected. Imagine what impact that has on the success of a project! Now, the latest, decision makers are absolutely happy. You gave them everything they asked for!

Presenting a Business Case Successfully

Our step-by-step method of building a Business Case efficiently and effectively. Saving preparation time is achieved by

-    Examples of Influence Matrices for your industry serving you as a basis

-    Excel spreadsheets that help you with your financial model

-    Having a clear To Do list telling you what do when

-    A Step-by-step explanation how to use every tool

Now that you have finished your Business Case there is only one thing left to do: to present it. Our methods saves you time again. The PowerPoint presentation includes all the slides necessary to present a strong business case analysis.

You can present your Business Case successfully because you offer a solid presentation and you can answer any questions your audience might have. By building your Business Case the way you did you are prepared for everything that might come. You will be able to explain why your numbers can be trusted and you can do it with simple words without going ballistic in statistics. Most of the time there will be a question on the quantification of the “intangibles”. Although seeing an Influence Matrix the first time the audience might be overwhelmed (or just impressed), you can clearly show how everything was measured and why it was measured that way.

Decision-makers want to be convinced and not talked into something. They want to understand the numbers they are supposed to base their decisions on. With your Business Case you can offer them all they want. Due to the clear structure of the Business Case due to the Influence Matrix and the financial model you have a clear idea about the subject and the conclusion you are presenting. As simple as it might sound this is the basis for a successful presentation. Answering questions on the financial model is easy because you named the cells and the formulas you used are simple. Therefore everything can be easily found and explained and you do not get lost in your own financial model. Instead, the decision-makers get their answers and you are the capable and confident professional!

Your Business Case is not a mystery to others but convinces them by offering profound and explicable numbers. Furthermore our software allows you to quickly react and produce new numbers, if the audience asks for them. For example, you can easily show what difference it makes if the numbers have 80% probability instead of a probability of 90%. Again, the decision-makers get their answers and you are the capable and confident professional!

To your success.

What we require are business people to manage companies and then there will be a ROI.

Colin Thompson

Cavendish

www.cavendish-mr.org.uk

July 1, 2009 2:13 PM
 

'Not A Doctor' (NDCT) said:

July 1, 2009 6:44 PM

About Jo Francis

Jo Francis has worked in print-related businesses for more than 25 years. Along the way she has been a typesetter, a screen printer, a technical and customer support pre-press specialist, a communications consultant, and an editor. She is a former editor-in-chief of PrintWeek magazine and is currently associate editor of Haymarket's print titles.